Medical waste treatment methods

Medical waste treatment methods: 1. Sanitary landfill method, which is the final disposal method of medical waste; 2. The high-temperature incineration method, which adopts incineration treatment method, has complete feasibility; 3. The pressure steam sterilization method is applicable to the disinfection of contaminated work clothes, syringes, dressings, microbial culture media, etc; 4. Chemical disinfection method is used for the treatment of medical waste that cannot be disinfected or sterilized through heating or wetting.

Advantages and disadvantages of sanitary landfill method

The advantages of landfill treatment method are simple process, low investment, and the ability to handle a large amount of medical waste. The main drawbacks are the need for disinfection before landfilling, low waste volume reduction, high investment in landfill construction, and the need to occupy a large amount of land, producing a large amount of harmful gases such as methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide gas, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, etc. At the same time, it also produces oxygen, hydrogen, and volatile organic compounds. Therefore, long-term monitoring of soil and groundwater is necessary.

Advantages and disadvantages of high-temperature incineration method

The main advantages of incineration treatment technology are significant reduction in volume and weight, and significant waste destruction; Suitable for all types of medical waste and large-scale applications; Stable operation, good disinfection and pollutant removal effects; Potential thermal energy can be recycled and utilized; The technology is relatively mature. The main drawbacks are high cost, severe air pollution, and the easy generation of highly toxic substances such as dioxins, polycyclic aromatic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, as well as harmful gases such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and sulfur dioxide. It is necessary to configure a complete exhaust gas purification system; Bottom slag and fly ash are hazardous.

Advantages and disadvantages of pressure steam sterilization method

Compared to pressure steam sterilization technology, it has the advantages of low investment, low operating costs, easy detection, low risk of residues, good disinfection effect, and a wide range of suitable treatment ranges. The main drawback is that the volume and appearance have not changed significantly; There may be emissions of air pollutants, which are prone to odor generation and cannot handle substances such as formaldehyde, phenol, and mercury.

Advantages and disadvantages of chemical disinfection method

The advantage of chemical disinfection method is that the process equipment and operation are simple and convenient; Good deodorization effect; The disinfection process is rapid with low one-time investment and low operating costs. For dry treatment, the waste has a high capacity reduction rate and will not produce waste liquid or wastewater or exhaust gas. The disadvantage is that dry waste has high requirements for crushing systems and requires high pH monitoring (automation level) during the operation process. The wet waste treatment process generates waste liquid and exhaust gas, and most disinfectants are harmful to human health. Not suitable for handling chemotherapy waste, radioactive waste, volatile and semi volatile organic compounds.